Birth Control
Hormonal contraception can be used for more than to prevent pregnancy. They can also be used to treat other health problems such as menstrual cramps, skin conditions and more.
Types of hormonal birth control
The main difference between brands is the amount of estrogen and progestin.
- Pills (or oral contraceptives) – A tablet taken orally every day.
- Patch – A sticky patch put directly on the skin once a week.
- Ring – The ring is worn inside the vagina to allow the vaginal lining to absorb the hormones. Changed once a month.
- Injection – The injection is given every 12 weeks in your doctor’s office.
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) – There are IUDs with and without hormones. Those that deliver hormones are placed in your uterus by your doctor. Changed every 3 to 10 years, depending on the type.
- Implant – A small rod (about the size of a matchstick) is inserted by your doctor under the skin on the inside of your upper arm. It lasts for up to 3 years.
A GP can recommend, prescribe, administer/insert and monitor most types of contraception options. Find your nearest A7 Health doctor to discuss your options.
Benefits and risks of birth control
Pregnancy prevention – An excess of estrogen and progestin prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs. Without an egg, the sperm have nothing to fertilize. The progestin also changes the cervical mucus. It becomes tough and sticky, making it harder for sperm to get into the uterus.
Menstrual cramps – Some hormonal contraceptives, such as the IUD Mirena, may result in lighter and shorter periods and reduce menstrual and premenstrual cramps. Some women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS, or endometriosis take contraceptives to relieve painful symptoms.
Cancer risks – Taking hormonal contraceptives may reduce the risk of uterine, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, it may increase the risk of breast and cervical cancer in women.
Spotting between periods – Also known as breakthrough bleeding, is common in women who use hormonal contraceptives, especially with low-dose methods, such as hormonal IUDs, implants, and birth control pills.
Reproductive side effects – While your body is getting used to the pill, implant, or patch, side effects may occur:
- Absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) or extra bleeding
- Vaginal irritation
- Breast tenderness
- Breast enlargement
- Weight changes
Cardiovascular issues – Birth control pills and patches can increase blood pressure. These extra hormones may also increase the risk for blood clots, stroke and deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Mood swings – Because the body works to maintain hormone balance, it is possible that the introduction of hormones may cause a disturbance that leads to mood swings.
Migraines – Additional estrogen may worsen migraine attacks if you already suffer from them. However, in some women, taking oral contraceptives may improve migraine symptoms.
Weight changes – A decrease or increase in appetite may affect your weight. Some women experience nausea while their bodies adjust to hormone changes. See your doctor if you have severe pain, uncontrollable vomiting, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine or light-coloured stools.
Acne – Birth control can improve acne nodules and cysts, blackheads, whiteheads and pimples. However, in others, acne breakouts may occur.
Hair growth – Birth control can cause unusual hair growth. More often, however, contraceptives actually help with unwanted hair growth. Oral contraceptives are the main treatment for hirsutism, a condition in which coarse, dark hair grows on the face, back, and abdomen.